Does my dog have dementia? Vet explains early signs of Canine Cognitive Dysfunction and how to deal with the condition 🐶

So-called doggy dementia can impact older dogs. | Canva/Getty Images

As more dogs live longer, UK vets are seeing a rise in cases of Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD), often described as ‘doggy dementia’.

But often owners fail to see the early symptoms of the debilitating condition, instead chalking it up to simple old age.

Dr Linda Simon, resident vet at Pet health brand, Pooch & Mutt, is urging owners to understand the early signs so they can help their four-legged friend cope with the issues it causes.

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Dr Simon explained: “Dog dementia is very real, surprisingly common, and often under‑diagnosed.

“Just like humans, dogs can experience changes in memory, awareness and behaviour as their brain ages, but spotting it early can make a huge difference to their quality of life.”

Here’s what you need to know.

What is CCD?

CCD is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that affects older dogs, typically over eight. It can impact memory, learning, sleep, social interaction and even toilet habits. While it can’t be cured, early intervention can slow progression and help dogs stay happier for longer.

What are the most common symptoms of CCD?

Here are the five subtle signs of CCD, that may be brushed off as ‘quirks’, when they’re actually red flags:

• Disorientation: getting stuck behind furniture, staring into corners, or seeming “lost” in familiar places.
• Changes in social behaviour: becoming clingier, more withdrawn, or suddenly anxious.
• Altered sleep patterns: pacing at night, waking frequently, or sleeping far more during the day.
• House‑soiling: forgetting toilet training despite years of reliability.
• New repetitive behaviours: circling, pacing, or aimless wandering.

Dr Emma explains: “Owners know their dogs better than anyone. If your dog suddenly seems confused, forgetful or ‘not themselves’, it’s worth speaking to your vet. Dementia doesn’t always look dramatic, sometimes it’s the tiny changes that matter.”

How can I support a dog with CCD?

CCD is linked to physical changes in the brain, including nerve degeneration and reduced blood flow. Genetics, lifestyle and underlying health issues can all play a role.

You can’t stop the aging process, but you can support brain health - diet, enrichment and early veterinary care are key.

Here’s how owners can support a dog with CCD:

• Keep routines predictable to reduce anxiety.
• Add gentle enrichment like snuffle mats, scent games and short training sessions.
• Use night‑lights to help disoriented dogs navigate the home.
• Speak to your vet about supplements, diet changes and medications that may help.
• Prioritise calm exercise to support mobility and reduce stress.

Dr Linda explained: “Caring for a senior dog can feel emotional and sometimes a little overwhelming, but owners should remember they’re not alone. Even small changes, keeping routines steady, offering gentle enrichment, and speaking to your vet early, can make a meaningful difference.”

“Dogs with cognitive decline can still enjoy a happy, comfortable life with the right support, and that’s something every owner can feel hopeful about.”

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